The earliest traces of human life in the area now known as Argentina are dated from the period, with further traces in the. Until the period of European colonization, Argentina was relatively sparsely populated by a wide number of diverse cultures with different social organizations, which can be divided into three main groups. The first group are basic hunters and food gatherers without development of, such as the and in the extreme south. The second group are advanced hunters and food gatherers which include the, and Serranos in the center-east; and the in the south—all of them conquered by the spreading from —and the and in the north.
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The last group are farmers with pottery, like the, and in the northeast, with semisedentary existence; the advanced sedentary in the northwest, which was conquered by the around 1480; the and in the country's center, and the in the center-west, a culture that raised cattle and was strongly influenced by the Incas. Colonial era. The surrender of Beresford to during the Europeans first arrived in the region with the 1502 voyage of.
The Spanish navigators and visited the territory that is now Argentina in 1516 and 1526, respectively. In 1536 founded the small settlement of, which was abandoned in 1541. Further colonization efforts came from —establishing the — and Chile. Founded in 1553.
Was founded in 1558;, in 1561;, in 1562;, in 1565. Founded in 1573 and the same year set up. Garay went further south to re-found Buenos Aires in 1580. Was established in 1596.
The subordinated the economic potential of the Argentine territory to the immediate wealth of the silver and gold mines in and Peru, and as such it became part of the until the creation of the in 1776 with Buenos Aires as its capital. Buenos Aires repelled in 1806 and 1807. The ideas of the and the example of the first generated criticism of the that ruled the country. As in the rest of Spanish America, the overthrow of during the created great concern.
Independence and civil wars. Portrait of General, of Argentina, and Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty, the 1810 replaced the viceroy with the, a new government in Buenos Aires composed by locals. In the first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist, but failed to overcome those of the, and, which later became independent states. Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups: the and the —a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence.
The appointed as Argentina's first. On 9 July 1816, the formalized the, which is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. One year later General stopped royalists on the north, and General took an army and secured the; then he led the fight to the Spanish stronghold of and proclaimed the. In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a that was soon by federalists. The 1820, fought between the Centralists and the Federalists, resulted in the end of the Supreme Director rule.
In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another, with being appointed as the first president of the country. However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded the constitution. Centralists and Federalists resumed the civil war; the latter prevailed and formed the in 1831, led. During his regime he faced a (1838–1840), the (1836–1839), and a combined (1845–1850), but remained undefeated and prevented further loss of national territory. His trade restriction policies, however, angered the interior provinces and in 1852, another powerful,. As new president of the Confederation, Urquiza enacted the and federal 1853 Constitution.
But was forced back into the Confederation after being defeated in the 1859. Rise of the modern nation. The was celebrated on 25 May 1910. Starting with in 1880, ten consecutive federal governments emphasized. The they promoted—second only to the United States'—led to a near-reinvention of Argentine society and economy that by 1908 had placed the country as the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world.
Driven by this wave and decreasing mortality, the Argentine population grew fivefold and the economy 15-fold: from 1870 to 1910 Argentina's exports went from 100,000 to 2,500,000 t (110,000 to 2,760,000 short tons) per year, while frozen beef exports increased from 25,000 to 365,000 t (28,000 to 402,000 short tons) per year, placing Argentina as one of the world's top five exporters. Its railway mileage rose from 503 to 31,104 km (313 to 19,327 mi). Fostered by a new system, skyrocketed from 22% to 65%, a level higher than most nations would reach even fifty years later.
Furthermore, real grew so fast that despite the huge immigration influx, between 1862 and 1920 went from 67% of developed country levels to 100%: In 1865, Argentina was already one of the top 25 nations by per capita income. By 1908, it had surpassed Denmark, Canada and The Netherlands to reach 7th place—behind Switzerland, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Belgium.
Argentina's per capita income was 70% higher than Italy's, 90% higher than Spain's, 180% higher than Japan's and 400% higher than 's. Despite these unique achievements, the country was slow to meet its original goals of industrialization: after steep development of capital-intensive local industries in the 1920s, a significant part of the manufacture sector remained labor-intensive in the 1930s. Between 1878 and 1884 the so-called and occurred, with the purpose of giving by means of the constant confrontations between natives and Criollos in the border, and the appropriation of the indigenous territories, tripling the Argentine territory. The first conquest, consisted of a series of military incursions into the Pampa and Patagonian territories dominated by the indigenous peoples, distributing them among the members of the, financiers of the expeditions. The conquest of Chaco lasted up to fines of the century, since its full ownership of the national economic system only took place when the mere extraction of wood and was replaced by the production of. The Argentine government considered as inferior beings, without the same rights as Criollos and Europeans. In 1912, President enacted, which allowed, leader of the (or UCR), to win.
He enacted social and economic reforms and extended assistance to small farms and businesses. Argentina stayed neutral during. The second administration of Yrigoyen faced an economic crisis, precipitated by the. Infamous Decade. Main article: The 'Dirty War' (Spanish: Guerra Sucia) was part of which included participation of the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone.
The Dirty War involved in Argentina and elsewhere in the against political dissidents, with military and security forces employing urban and rural violence against left-wing guerrillas, political dissidents, and anyone believed to be associated with socialism or somehow contrary to the economic policies of the regime. Victims of the violence in Argentina alone included an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 left-wing activists and militants, including trade unionists, students, journalists, and alleged sympathizers. Most were victims of.
The guerrillas, whose number of victims are nearly 500-540 between military and police officials and up to 230 civilians Argentina received technical support and military aid from the United States government during the, and administrations. Argentinian troops being made to clear their trash from the streets of Port Stanley after their surrender in 1982 The Proceso shut down Congress, removed the judges of the Supreme Court, banned political parties and unions, and resorted to the of suspected guerrilla members and of anyone believed to be associated with the left-wing. By the end of 1976 Montoneros had lost near 2,000 members; by 1977, the ERP was completely defeated.
A severely weakened Montoneros launched a counterattack in 1979, which was quickly annihilated, ending the guerrilla threat. Nevertheless, the junta stayed in power. In 1982, the then head of state, General, authorised the invasion of the British territories of South Georgia and, on 2 April, of the. This led to the with the United Kingdom and an Argentinian surrender on 14 June. Rioting on the streets of Buenos Aires followed the defeat and the military leadership responsible for the humiliation stood down. Replaced Galtieri and began to organize the transition to democratic rule.
20th—21st centuries, Kirchner era. Left-to-right: a, a, a,. Argentina is a hosting one of the greatest varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 3 oceanic zones, and the Antarctic region are all represented in its territory. This huge ecosystem variety has led to a biological diversity that is among the world's largest:. 9,372 cataloged species (ranked 24th). 1,038 cataloged bird species (ranked 14th). 375 cataloged species (ranked 12th).
338 cataloged species (ranked 16th). 162 cataloged species (ranked 19th) The original pampa had virtually no trees; some imported species like the or are present along roads or in towns and country estates ( estancias). The only tree-like plant native to the pampa is the evergreen.
The surface soils of the pampa are a deep black color, primarily, known commonly as humus. This makes the region one of the most agriculturally productive on Earth; however, this is also responsible for decimating much of the original ecosystem, to make way for commercial agriculture. The western pampas receive less rainfall, this dry pampa is a plain of short grasses. The make up a network of 35 in Argentina. The parks cover a very varied set of terrains and, from on the northern border with to in the far south of the continent. The (National Parks Administration) is the agency that preserves and manages these national parks along with and within the country.
Workplace of the Argentina is a constitutional republic. The government is regulated by a system of defined by the, the country's supreme legal document. The is the city of, as designated. Suffrage is,. The federal government is composed of three branches: The branch consists of the Congress, made up of the and chambers, which makes, approves and has the and of, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Chamber of Deputies represents the people and has 257 voting members elected to a four-year term.
Seats are apportioned among the provinces by population every tenth year. As of 2014 ten provinces have just five deputies while the, being the most populous one, has 70. The Chamber of Senators represents the provinces, has 72 members elected to six-year terms, with each province having three seats; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. At least one-third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women. In the branch, the is the of the military, can before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
The President is elected by the vote of the people, serves a four-year term and may be elected to office no more than twice in a row. The branch includes the and lower interpret laws and they find.
The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative. The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life.
The lower courts' judges are proposed by the (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the President on Senate approval. The President holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Argentine Armed Forces, as part of a legal framework that imposes a strict separation between national defense and internal security systems: The, an exclusive responsibility of the federal government, coordinated by the, and comprising the, the and the. Ruled and monitored by Congress through the Houses' Defense Committees, it is organized on the essential principle of legitimate self-defense: the repelling of any external military aggression in order to guarantee freedom of the people, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity. Its secondary missions include committing to multinational operations within the framework of the United Nations, participating in internal support missions, assisting friendly countries, and establishing a sub-regional defense system. Argentine destroyer is voluntary, with enlistment age between 18 and 24 years old and no. Argentina's defense has historically been one of the best equipped in the region, even managing.
However, real military expenditures declined steadily after 1981 and the defense budget in 2011 was about 0.74% of GDP, a historical minimum, below the Latin American average. The, jointly administered by the federal and subscribing provincial governments.
At the federal level it is coordinated by the Interior, and Justice ministries, and monitored by Congress. It is enforced by the; the, which fulfills duties; the, which serves tasks; and the. At the provincial level it is coordinated by the respective internal security ministries and enforced by local police agencies. Argentina was the only South American country to send warships and cargo planes in 1991 to the under mandate and has remained involved in efforts in multiple locations like in /, in (where among Army and Marines troops the Air Force provided the UN Air contingent since 1994) and in. Argentina is the only Latin American country to maintain troops in during (and later ) operations where of the Argentine Armed Forces are embedded in an. In 2007, an Argentine contingent including helicopters, boats and water purification plants was sent to help against their worst floods in decades. In 2010 the Armed Forces were also involved in and humanitarian responses after their respective earthquakes.
Petroleum perforation in, A and one of the world's top developing nations, Argentina is a member of the. Historically, however, its economic performance has been very uneven, with high economic growth alternating with severe recessions, income maldistribution and—in the recent decades—increasing poverty. Early in the 20th century Argentina achieved development, and became the world's seventh richest country.
Although managing to keep a place among the top fifteen economies until mid-century, it suffered a long and steady decline, but it is still a high income country. High —a weakness of the Argentine economy for decades—has become a trouble once again, with an annual rate of 24.8% in 2017., having improved since 2002, is classified as 'medium', still considerably unequal. Argentina ranks 85th out of 180 countries in the 's 2017, an improvement of 22 positions over its 2014 rankings.
Argentina settled its long-standing debt default crisis in 2016 with the so-called after the election of Mauricio Macri, allowing Argentina to enter capital markets for the first time in a decade. Opened in 1949. Argentina has the largest in Latin America, with 36,966 km (22,970 mi) of operating lines in 2008, out of a full network of almost 48,000 km (29,826 mi).
This system links all 23 provinces plus Buenos Aires City, and connects with all neighboring countries. There are four incompatible in use; this forces virtually all interregional freight traffic to pass through Buenos Aires.
The system has been in decline since the 1940s: regularly running up large budgetary deficits, by 1991 it was transporting 1,400 times less goods than it did in 1973. However, in recent years the system has experienced a from the state, in both commuter rail lines and long distance lines, renewing rolling stock and infrastructure.
In April 2015, by overwhelming majority the passed a law which re-created, effectively re-nationalising the country's railways, a move which saw support from all major political parties on both sides of the political spectrum. ' Estudio Pais 24, the Program of the Argentines' in, the first television station in the country Print media industry is highly developed in Argentina, with more than two hundred newspapers. The major national ones include (centrist, Latin America's best-seller and the second most widely circulated in the Spanish-speaking world), (center-right, published since 1870), (leftist, founded in 1987), the (Latin America's most prestigious English language daily, liberal, dating back to 1876), (center, founded in 1904), and the (German weekly, liberal, published since 1878) Argentina began on 27 August 1920, when 's was aired by a team of medical students led by in Buenos Aires'.
By 2002 there were 260 and 1150 registered radio stations in the country. The industry is large, diverse and popular across Latin America, with many productions and having been exported abroad. Since 1999 Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America, as of 2014 totaling 87.4% of the country's households, a rate similar to those in the United States, Canada and Europe. By 2011 Argentina also had the highest coverage of networked telecommunications among Latin American powers: about 67% of its population had internet access and 137.2%, mobile phone subscriptions.
Science and technology. Is an Argentine earth science built by and launched in 2011. Argentinians have received three in the Sciences., the first Latin American recipient, discovered the role of in regulating in animals, and shared the in 1947. Discovered how organisms store energy converting glucose into and the compounds which are fundamental in, receiving the in 1970. Did extensive research in, sharing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984. Argentine research has led to treatments for and several forms of cancer.
Designed and developed the first that was successfully implanted in a human being in 1969. Developed the techniques and performed the world's first. Argentina's nuclear programme has been highly successful. In 1957 Argentina was the first country in Latin America to design and build a with homegrown technology, the.
This reliance in the development of own nuclear related technologies, instead of simply buying them abroad, was a constant of Argentina's nuclear programme conducted by the civilian (CNEA). Nuclear facilities with Argentine technology have been built in Peru, Algeria, Australia and Egypt. In 1983, the country admitted having the capability of producing weapon-grade, a major step needed to assemble; since then, however, Argentina has pledged to use nuclear power only for peaceful purposes. As a member of the Board of Governors of the, Argentina has been a strong voice in support of nuclear non-proliferation efforts and is highly committed to global nuclear security. In 1974 it was the first country in Latin America to put in-line a commercial nuclear power plant,. Although the Argentine built parts for that station amounted to 10% of the total, the nuclear fuel it uses are since entirely built in the country. Later nuclear power stations employed a higher percentage of Argentine built components;, finished in 1983, a 30% and the 2011 reactor a 40%.
Buenos Aires, filled with picturesque Dutch style tenements. In the 2001 , Argentina had a population of 36,260,130, and preliminary results from the were of 40,091,359 inhabitants. Argentina ranks third in South America in total population and 33rd globally. Population density is of 15 persons per square kilometer of land area, well below the world average of 50 persons. The population growth rate in 2010 was an estimated 1.03% annually, with a birth rate of 17.7 live births per 1,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 7.4 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. The has ranged from zero to four immigrants per 1,000 inhabitants per year.
The proportion of people under 15 is 25.6%, a little below the world average of 28%, and the proportion of people 65 and older is relatively high at 10.8%. In Latin America this is second only to and well above the world average, which is currently 7%. Argentina has one of Latin America's lowest, recently about 1% a year, as well as a comparatively low. Its birth rate of 2.3 children per woman is still nearly twice as high as that in Spain or Italy, compared here as they have similar religious practices and proportions. The median age is approximately 30 years and at birth is 77.14 years.
Argentina became in 2010 the first country in Latin America and the second in the Americas to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. It was the tenth country to allow. Over 25 million or 62.5% of Argentina's population have at least one As with other areas of new settlement such as the, and, Argentina is considered a country of immigrants. Argentines usually refer to the country as a crisol de razas (crucible of races, or ). Between 1857 and 1950 Argentina was the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, with 6.6 million, second only to the United States in the numbers of immigrants received (27 million) and ahead of such other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia. Strikingly, at those times, the national population doubled every two decades. This belief is endured in the popular saying 'los argentinos descienden de los barcos' (Argentines descend from the ships).
Therefore, most Argentines are descended from the 19th- and 20th-century immigrants of the (1850–1955), with a great majority of these immigrants coming from diverse European countries. The majority of these European immigrants came from Italy and Spain.
The majority of Argentines descend from multiple European ethnic groups, primarily of and descent (over 25 million individuals in Argentina, almost 60% of the population have some partial Italian origins), Argentina is home to a significant population of and partial Arab background, mostly of and origin (in Argentina they are considered among the, just like in the United States Census). The majority of are who belong to the,. A scant number are of Middle Eastern origins. The population in the country numbers at around 180,000 individuals, most of whom are of and descent, although an older community that traces back to the early 20th century still exists. A study conducted on 218 individuals in 2010 by the Argentine geneticist, has established that the genetic map of Argentina is composed by 79% from different European ethnicities (mainly Spanish and Italian ethnicities), 18% of different indigenous ethnicities, and 4.3% of African ethnic groups, in which 63.6% of the tested group had at least one ancestor who was. From the 1970s, immigration has mostly been coming from, and, with smaller numbers from, Ecuador. The Argentine government estimates that 750,000 inhabitants lack official documents and has launched a program to encourage illegal immigrants to declare their status in return for two-year residence visas—so far over 670,000 applications have been processed under the program.
Genetics studies. (left) (right) two popular Saints on display in Argentina The Constitution guarantees. Although it enforces neither an official nor a state faith, it gives a preferential status. According to a CONICET poll in 2008, at the time of polling Argentines were 76.5%, 11.3% and, 9%, 1.2%, 0.9%; while 1.2% followed other religions, including,. These figures appear to have changed quite significantly in recent years. Data recorded in 2017 indicated that Catholics made up 66% of the population, indicating a drop of 10.5% in nine years, and the non-religious in the country standing at 21% of the population, indicating an almost doubling over nine years.
The country is home to both the and communities in Latin America, the latter being the 7th most populous in the world. Argentina is a member of the. Argentines show high individualization and de-institutionalization of religious beliefs; 23.8% of them claim to always attend religious services; 49.1%, to seldom do and 26.8%, to never do. On 13 March 2013, Argentine, the, was and of the.
He took the name ', and he became the first Pope from either the or from the; he is the first Pope born outside of Europe since the of (who was ) in 741. Argentina has historically been placed high in the, with rates similar to those of developed countries.
The Argentine education system consists of four levels:. An initial level for children between 45 days to 5 years old, with the last two years being compulsory. An elementary or mandatory level lasting 6 or 7 years. In 2010 the was 98.07%. A secondary or mandatory level lasting 5 or 6 years. In 2010 38.5% of people over age 20 had completed secondary school.
A, divided in tertiary, university and post-graduate sub-levels. In 2013 there were 47 across the country, as well as 46 private ones. In 2010 7.1% of people over age 20 had graduated from university. The public universities of, and the are some of the most important. The Argentine state guarantees universal, secular and free-of-charge public education for all levels.
Responsibility for educational supervision is organized at the federal and individual provincial states. In the last decades the role of the private sector has grown across all educational stages. The University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, alma mater to many of the country's 3,000 medical graduates, annually Health care is provided through a combination of employer and labor union-sponsored plans ( Obras Sociales), government insurance plans, public hospitals and clinics and through private health insurance plans. Health care cooperatives number over 300 (of which 200 are related to ) and provide health care for half the population; the national INSSJP (popularly known as PAMI) covers nearly all of the five million senior citizens. There are more than 153,000 hospital beds, 121,000 physicians and 37,000 dentists (ratios comparable to ). The relatively high access to medical care has historically resulted in mortality patterns and trends similar to developed nations': from 1953 to 2005, deaths from increased from 20% to 23% of the total, those from from 14% to 20%, problems from 7% to 14%, maladies (non-infectious) from 7% to 11%, strokes a steady 7%, injuries, 6%, and diseases, 4%. Causes related to led to many of the rest.
Infant deaths have fallen from 19% of all deaths in 1953 to 3% in 2005. The availability of health care has also reduced from 70 per 1000 live births in 1948 to 12.1 in 2009 and raised from 60 years to 76. Though these figures compare favorably with global averages, they fall short of levels in developed nations and in 2006, Argentina ranked fourth in Latin America. Four of the most influential Argentine writers. Top-left to bottom-right:, and Although Argentina's rich literary history began around 1550, it reached full independence with 's El Matadero, a landmark that played a significant role in the development of 19th century's Argentine narrative, split by the ideological divide between the popular, federalist epic of ' and the elitist and cultured discourse of 's masterpiece,. The movement advanced into the 20th century including exponents such as and poet; it was followed by, with 's as an important reference., Argentina's most acclaimed writer and one of the foremost figures in the, found new ways of looking at the modern world in and philosophical debate and his influence has extended to authors all over the globe.
Short stories such as and are among his most famous works. He was a friend and collaborator of, who wrote one of the most praised,., one of the leading members of the and a major name in 20th century literature, influenced an entire generation of writers in the Americas and Europe.
A remarkable episode in the Argentine literature's history is the social and literarial dialectica between the so-called named this way because its members used to meet together at the at Florida street and published in the, like, (artist), among others, versus the of, (tango composer), that used to meet at the and published their works with the, with both the cafe and the publisher located at the Boedo Avenue. Other highly regarded Argentine writers, poets and include,. A musical genre with European and African influences, is one of Argentina's international cultural symbols. The golden age of tango (1930 to mid-1950s) mirrored that of and in the United States, featuring large orchestras like those of,. After 1955, virtuoso popularized, a subtler and more intellectual trend for the genre.
Tango enjoys worldwide popularity nowadays with groups like,. Argentina developed strong classical music and dance scenes that gave rise to renowned artists such as, composer;, violinist; and, pianists;, pianist and director; and, tenors; and to, Maximiliano Guerra,. Widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of the second half of the 20th century A national Argentine folk style emerged in the 1930s from dozens of regional musical genres and went to influence the entirety of. Some of its interpreters, like and, achieved worldwide acclaim. The genre included singers of international fame such as.
Developed as a distinct musical style in the mid-1960s, when Buenos Aires and Rosario became cradles of aspiring musicians. Founding bands like, and were followed by, and, with prominent artists including,. And composer and conductor are among the most internationally successful Argentine jazz musicians. Another popular musical genre at present is is a subgenre of music originated in the slums of Argentina and popularized all over and the Latin communities abroad. One of the is the, an ancient horseback game locally originated in the early 1600s and predecessor of.
The most popular sport is. Along with and, the is the only one to have won the most important international triplet:,.
It has also won 14, 6 and many other trophies., and are among the best players in the game's history. The country's, is one of the world's most successful with four, two, a and seven. Is recognized as the best female player in the history of the sport, being the only player to have received the eight times. Is a very popular sport. The is the only one in the zone that has won the quintuplet crown:,.
It has also conquered 13, and many other tournaments., and are a few of the country's most acclaimed players, all of them part of the. Argentina hosted the in 1950 and 1990.
Five times winner, is the current captain of the. Is another popular sport in Argentina. As of 2017 the, known as 'Los Pumas' has competed at the each time it has been held, achieving their highest ever result in when they came third. Since the Los Pumas have competed against, & in, the premier international Rugby competition in the Southern Hemisphere.
Since 2009 the known as the 'Jaguares' has competed against the, and first teams in the, which Los Jaguares have won six out of eight times it has taken place. Argentina has produced some of the most formidable champions for, including, the best in history;, one of the most decorated boxers of all times;, the former and world flyweight champion;, as of 2009 record holder for consecutive world title defenses and, nicknamed 'The Untouchable' for his masterful defense; they are all inductees into the. Has been quite popular among people of all ages.
Is the greatest Latin American player of the, while is the most accomplished Argentine female player of all time—having reached #3 in the, are both inductees into the. Argentina reigns undisputed in, having won more international championships than any other country and been seldom beaten since the 1930s. The is the sport's most important international team trophy. The country is home to most of the world's top players, among them, the best in Polo history. Historically, Argentina has had a strong showing within. Was five times world champion under four different teams, winning 102 of his 184 international races, and is widely ranked as the greatest driver of all time.
Other distinguished racers were,. As, a traditional dish Besides many of the pasta, sausage and dessert dishes common to continental Europe, Argentines enjoy a wide variety of Indigenous and creations, including (a small stuffed pastry), (a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd),. The country has the highest consumption of in the world, traditionally prepared as, the Argentine barbecue. It is made with various types of meats, often including,.
Common desserts include ( pastry), and filled with (a sort of milk jam), (shortbread cookies sandwiched together with chocolate, dulce de leche or a fruit paste), and (fried cakes), one of the world's finest, is an integral part of the local menu., and are some of the most sought-after. National symbols. Main article: Some of Argentina's national symbols are defined by law, while others are traditions lacking formal designation. The consists of three horizontal stripes equal in width and colored light blue, white and light blue, with the in the center of the middle white stripe. The flag was designed by in 1812; it was adopted as a national symbol on 20 July 1816.
The, which represents the union of the provinces, came into use in 1813 as the for official documents. The was written by with music by, and was adopted in 1813. The was first used during the of 1810 and was made official two years later.
Is Argentina's. The, living across most of the national territory, was chosen as the in 1928 after a lower school survey. The is the and, while the is the national forest tree.
Is known as the national gemstone. The national sport is, an game that was popular among gauchos. Is the, and, the national. And are considered the.
Hey Wii fans! Thought some of you might be interested in a Mario Kart Wii mod I put together over the last few months.
Is what I ended up calling it (got the idea from ). I decided to stick with texture modding (simple graphic swaps) as opposed to customized courses because I wanted people to still be able to play it online. It utilizes the same save file as the original game, so you can keep playing with your original license instead of having to start over. It includes:. Custom Strap/ESRB Warning & recoloured user interface. 32 Texture hacked courses with multiplayer support. 32 Custom track songs & SFX music edits.
1 customized battle course. Many customized characters/vehicles. Other various text substitutions (course names, race countdown, credits etc.) If you're interested, demoing what the game looks like. I also have if you'd like to see what those look like. If you'd like to try the mod, the files can be downloaded although you may have to register.
The game is also available on tehparadox (hippyfreak's thread). It should work on any modded Wii, or using the Riivolution patch on any unmodded Wii. Thanks, and I'd love to hear your feedback or comments. Congrats on passing 1000 subscribers!